Strokes are among the leading causes of long-term disability worldwide. This article dives into the fundamental mechanisms of stroke, distinguishing between ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes, and explaining how blood flow disruption to the brain causes irreparable damage to neurons. We'll explore how critical the timing of treatment is and discuss the "golden hour" for intervention. Understanding these basics lays the foundation for appreciating the complexities of post-stroke recovery.

After surviving a stroke, the journey towards recovery can be long and difficult. Damage to the brain often leaves patients with motor impairments, cognitive difficulties, and emotional challenges. This article delves into the science of neuroplasticity—the brain's ability to reorganize itself—and why traditional recovery approaches, like physiotherapy, often fall short for many patients. By highlighting the limitations of current therapies, we set the stage for the need for more innovative solutions

Despite advances in acute stroke treatments, options for long-term recovery are still limited. This article will review the most common therapies used today, from clot-dissolving drugs to rehabilitation techniques, and explain their strengths and weaknesses. Why are some patients able to make remarkable recoveries while others struggle for years? The lack of therapies targeting neuroregeneration is a gap that needs to be addressed, which opens the door to potential breakthroughs.

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is both a protector and a barrier to treatment. While it shields the brain from harmful substances, it also blocks many potentially beneficial drugs from reaching their target. In this article, we’ll explore why overcoming the BBB is one of the biggest challenges in drug development for stroke recovery. The potential of intranasal delivery, which bypasses this barrier, could revolutionize how we treat neurological conditions like stroke.

Nogo-A, a protein present in the central nervous system, has been identified as a key inhibitor of neuroregeneration after injury. This article will explain how Nogo-A limits the brain’s ability to heal itself after a stroke by blocking the growth of neurons. Understanding this molecule's role has led to the exploration of anti-Nogo-A therapies that could significantly improve stroke recovery outcomes. This knowledge forms the basis for new targeted approaches in neuroregenerative medicine.

Nanobodies are a unique type of antibody, derived from camelids such as llamas and alpacas. Unlike traditional antibodies, which are large and complex molecules, nanobodies are small, simple, and remarkably robust. Their compact size and unique structure enable them to bind to specific targets with high precision, offering unique advantages in addressing diseases that involve intricate molecular interactions, like stroke recovery.

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is one of the most formidable obstacles in treating brain conditions like stroke. While it protects the brain from harmful substances, it also blocks many potentially beneficial drugs, limiting the effectiveness of many treatments. However, there is a promising route that could bypass this barrier entirely: intranasal delivery. This method allows medications to be administered through the nasal passages, providing a direct path to the brain via the olfactory and trigeminal nerves.